Re: Linear Algebra `MatrixManipulation`
- To: mathgroup at smc.vnet.net
- Subject: [mg20017] Re: Linear Algebra `MatrixManipulation`
- From: "Allan Hayes" <hay at haystack.demon.co.uk>
- Date: Sat, 25 Sep 1999 02:40:44 -0400
- References: <7se6t8$qsv@smc.vnet.net>
- Sender: owner-wri-mathgroup at wolfram.com
Robert F. Scheyder <scheyder at math.upenn.edu> wrote in message news:7se6t8$qsv at smc.vnet.net... > Hi, > > Maybe someone can help me. > > When I define two matrices such as G={{1,2},{3,4}} and H={{5,6,},{7,8}} and > then perform an operation such as multiplication, I get the correct result. > But, if I add MatrixForm to each matrix first and then perform the > operation, the operation is not evaluated. The output is simply two > Standard Form expressions with no result. > > I appreciate any help. > > Robert > > -- > =================================================== > Robert F. Scheyder > Department of Mathematics > University of Pennsylvania > Philadelphia, PA 19104 > scheyder at math.upenn.edu > > "Life is a Battlefield..." > -with apologies to Pat Benatar > Robert, Firstly, if you use menu Cell > Default Output FormatType> TraditionalForm then all matrices will be displayed in 2D form - you can alter more precisely with Cell > Convert To > Traditional Form. The key to understanding your particular problems is the following behaviour In[1]:= MatrixForm[{{1, 2}, {3, 4}}] Out[1]//MatrixForm= 1 2 3 4 Mathematica *diaplays* MatrixForm[{{1, 2}, {3, 4}}] (and tells us this with the cell label Out[1]//MatrixForm=) but it *stores* {{1, 2}, {3, 4}} as the value of Out[1]. Thus In[2]:= Out[1](*otherwise %*) Out[2]= {{1, 2}, {3, 4}} MatrixForm is a "wrapper" (evaluate $OutputForms to get the list of them) and wheneverWrapper[expr] is sent for display and for storing as a value of Out[n] , then Wrapper[expr] is displayed but expr is stored as the value of Out[n]. We say that (outer) wrappers ae stripped off. Now, if we enter G1 = MatrixForm[{{1, 2}, {3, 4}} ] then MatrixForm[{{1, 2}, {3, 4}} ] will be stored as the value of G1 and passed on (as the value of G1 = MatrixForm[{{1, 2}, {3, 4}} ]) for display and storing as the value of Out[3]. So we get In[3]:= G1 = MatrixForm[{{1, 2}, {3, 4}} ] Out[3]//MatrixForm= 1 2 3 4 In[4]:= Out[3] (*otherwise %*) Out[4]= {{1, 2}, {3, 4}} and In[5]:= ?G1 Global`G1 G1 = MatrixForm[{{1, 2}, {3, 4}}] This wrapper MatrixForm round the value of G1 stops the following addition being evaluated (as well as giving the 2D display) In[6]:= a + G1 Out[6]= a + 1 2 3 4 Now, if instead we enter MatrixForm[ G1 ={{1, 2}, {3, 4}} ] then {{1, 2}, {3, 4}} will be stored as the value of G1; passed on to MatrixForm (as the value of G1 = {{1, 2}, {3, 4}} ), and then MatrixForm[{{1, 2}, {3, 4}}] will be passed on for display and storing as the value of Out[3]. So we get In[7]:= (G2 = {{1, 2}, {3, 4}}) // MatrixForm Out[7]//MatrixForm= 1 2 3 4 In[8]:= G2 Out[8]= {{1, 2}, {3, 4}} and In[9]:= a + G2 Out[9]= {{1 + a, 2 + a}, {3 + a, 4 + a}} NOTES 1) Nested outer wrappers are all effective; only the first is shown in the cell label; but all are stripped off for storing: In[10]:= TeXForm[MatrixForm[{{1, 2}, {3, 4}}]] Out[10]//TeXForm= \matrix{ 1 & 2 \cr 3 & 4 \cr } In[11]:= % Out[11]= {{1, 2}, {3, 4}} 2) Wrappers inside non-wrappers alter rhe display but are not stripped of for storing In[12]:= a + MatrixForm[{{1, 2}, {3, 4}}] Out[12]= a + 1 2 3 4 In[13]:= % Out[13]= a + 1 2 3 4 Allan --------------------- Allan Hayes Mathematica Training and Consulting Leicester UK www.haystack.demon.co.uk hay at haystack.demon.co.uk Voice: +44 (0)116 271 4198 Fax: +44 (0)870 164 0565