Re: Diferent solution of integral in versions 4 and 5...
- To: mathgroup at smc.vnet.net
- Subject: [mg73656] Re: Diferent solution of integral in versions 4 and 5...
- From: "dimitris" <dimmechan at yahoo.com>
- Date: Sat, 24 Feb 2007 02:10:08 -0500 (EST)
- References: <ergr6r$jjg$1@smc.vnet.net><ermdee$hqv$1@smc.vnet.net>
Very smart David's "trick"; isn't it?
Using ComplexExpand helps you write the original complex function
f[k3_, x3_, k12_] = Exp[(-I)*k3*x3]/(k12^2 + k3^2)^2;
as an complex function with even real part and odd imaginary part.
So
ComplexExpand[Exp[(-I)*k3*x3]/(k12^2 + k3^2)^2]
% /. (x_) + _Complex*(y_) :> {x, -y}
FullSimplify[(Integrate[#1, {k3, -Infinity, Infinity}, Assumptions ->
k12 != 0 && Im[k12] == 0 && Im[x3] == 0] & ) /@ %]
Cos[k3*x3]/(k12^2 + k3^2)^2 - (I*Sin[k3*x3])/(k12^2 + k3^2)^2
{Cos[k3*x3]/(k12^2 + k3^2)^2, -(Sin[k3*x3]/(k12^2 + k3^2)^2)}
{(Pi*(k12*Abs[x3] + Sign[k12]))/(E^(Abs[k12]*Abs[x3])*(2*k12^3)), 0}
With 0 of course since you integrate an odd function of the variable
k3.
To justify David's solution use e.g.
lst = (Thread[{k12, x3} -> #1] & ) /@ Table[{Random[Real, {0.5, 5}],
Random[Real, {0.5, 5}]}, {10}]
{{k12 -> 1.1675616186532962, x3 -> 2.6556810667683277}, {k12 ->
1=2E2713568684823673, x3 -> 1.8099144913805543},
{k12 -> 3.4841237443650503, x3 -> 2.6535719393016723}, {k12 ->
2=2E6959642507267563, x3 -> 4.226417058787291},
{k12 -> 1.5395293992705767, x3 -> 1.5734587645644789}, {k12 ->
3=2E1580481534632434, x3 -> 2.0136089223196194},
{k12 -> 4.952236080890497, x3 -> 2.009508324193675}, {k12 ->
4=2E970425147443978, x3 -> 2.3277432697426503},
{k12 -> 4.004721039068641, x3 -> 3.128152964876208}, {k12 ->
4=2E676832867372604, x3 -> 4.597146905502109}}
Integrate[ComplexExpand[Exp[(-I)*k3*x3]/(k12^2 + k3^2)^2], {k3, -
Infinity, Infinity},
Assumptions -> k12 != 0 && Im[k12] == 0 && Im[k3] == 0 && Im[x3=
] ==
0]
% /. lst
(Pi*(k12*Abs[x3] + Sign[k12]))/(E^(Abs[k12]*Abs[x3])*(2*k12^3))
{0.18219270130020737, 0.2527185275980308, 0.000036741125830956446,
0=2E000011187424981952258, 0.13069411326823527,
0.0006352959378698386, 6.749698849139478*^-6,
1=2E5189304176249685*^-6, 1.1996229219208607*^-6,
1=2E5888359974689758*^-10}
Block[{Message}, NIntegrate[Evaluate[f[k3, x3, k12] /. lst], {k3, -
Infinity, Infinity}, PrecisionGoal -> 6, MaxRecursion -> 12,
SingularityDepth -> 1000]]
{0.18219266715939364 + 3.148189729130901*^-8*I, 0.25271857118317564 -
4=2E5314371968234484*^-10*I,
0.00003674694940154206 - 1.1845327836269097*^-9*I,
0=2E000011170820307341834 + 1.7880411380287162*^-9*I,
0.13069412758859972 + 2.4988687899502313*^-18*I,
0=2E0006352975403380257 - 2.954614701784285*^-19*I,
6.745953764694171*^-6 - 2.210755992333724*^-19*I,
1=2E519528484728677*^-6 + 1.733753911631708*^-9*I,
1.1930880005214226*^-6 - 1.3997219453377313*^-19*I,
1=2E6358628816503943*^-9 - 6.258311844972166*^-10*I}
Note also as I have already mentioned that
Block[{Message}, Integrate[f[k3, x3, k12] /. lst, {k3, -Infinity,
Infinity}]]
{0.18219270130020737 + 0.*I, 0.2527185275980308 + 0.*I,
0=2E00003674112583095645 + 0.*I, 0.000011187424981952258 + 0.*I,
0.13069411326823527 + 0.*I, 0.0006352959378698385 + 0.*I,
6=2E749698849139476*^-6 + 0.*I, 1.5189304176249685*^-6 + 0.*I,
1.1996229219208607*^-6 + 0.*I, 1.588835997468976*^-10 + 0.*I}
i=2Ee. no need of ComplexExpand
Below I also provide another method of getting the correct result with
the current version
of Mathematica (5.2).
It is not so general as David's solution but it has proved very
helpful in many occasions.
I have adopted this (very smart!) method from an old post of Paul
Abbott; unfortunately I could not find his
original post in the archives right now.
Searching in the archives of my posts you can find one or two
occasions I made use of this method
in order to reply to someone.
First let see the Built-in Symbols with the attribute Constant:
Select[Names["*"], MemberQ[Attributes[#1], Constant] & ]
N[ToExpression[%]]
{"Catalan", "Degree", "E", "EulerGamma", "Glaisher", "GoldenRatio",
"Khinchin", "MachinePrecision", "Pi"}
{0.915965594177219, 0.017453292519943295, 2.718281828459045,
0=2E5772156649015329, 1.2824271291006226, 1.618033988749895,
2.6854520010653062, 15.954589770191003, 3.141592653589793}
We choose EulerGamma for our purposes (note that EulerGamma is real
and possitive) and we work as
follows
With[{x3 = EulerGamma}, Integrate[Exp[(-I)*k3*x3]/(k12^2 + k3^2)^2,
{k3, -Infinity, Infinity},
Assumptions -> k12 != 0 && Im[k12] == 0]]
% /. EulerGamma -> x3
(Pi*(EulerGamma*k12 + Sign[k12]))/
(E^(EulerGamma*k12*Sign[k12])*(2*k12^3))
(Pi*(k12*x3 + Sign[k12]))/(E^(k12*x3*Sign[k12])*(2*k12^3))
That is we let x3 to be EulerGamma, we evaluate the integral and then
replace EulerGamma by x3 again.
(*check*)
% /. lst
{0.18219270130020737, 0.2527185275980308, 0.000036741125830956446,
0=2E000011187424981952258, 0.13069411326823527,
0.0006352959378698386, 6.749698849139478*^-6,
1=2E5189304176249685*^-6, 1.1996229219208607*^-6,
1=2E5888359974689758*^-10}
Note that this method will work providing x3 is positive.
For negative x3 one should work as
With[{x3 = -EulerGamma}, Integrate[Exp[(-I)*k3*x3]/(k12^2 + k3^2)^2,
{k3, -Infinity, Infinity},
Assumptions -> k12 != 0 && Im[k12] == 0]]
% /. EulerGamma -> -x3
(Pi*(EulerGamma*k12 + Sign[k12]))/
(E^(EulerGamma*k12*Sign[k12])*(2*k12^3))
(E^(k12*x3*Sign[k12])*Pi*((-k12)*x3 + Sign[k12]))/(2*k12^3)
(*check*)
lst2 = (Thread[{k12, x3} -> #1] & ) /@ Table[{Random[Real, {0.5, 5}], -
Random[Real, {0.5, 5}]}, {10}]
{{k12 -> 0.8881767241577119, x3 -> -0.736609587255088}, {k12 ->
1=2E8261316181460772, x3 -> -2.771652261645303},
{k12 -> 2.8975139042175497, x3 -> -4.131417125843646}, {k12 ->
2=2E5869558351901247, x3 -> -4.05053597205049},
{k12 -> 3.860896602257241, x3 -> -4.419494896650965}, {k12 ->
0=2E7804818929478696, x3 -> -0.7130682368080272},
{k12 -> 4.283396756458498, x3 -> -2.932595422980895}, {k12 ->
2=2E136651260729555, x3 -> -4.566349688073738},
{k12 -> 1.5059197733814464, x3 -> -2.481240143792421}, {k12 ->
3=2E6458823911369582, x3 -> -2.687996421241035}}
(Pi*(k12*Abs[x3] + Sign[k12]))/(E^(Abs[k12]*Abs[x3])*(2*k12^3)) /.
lst2
{1.9279132918489237, 0.009907357612293364, 5.29836913480746*^-6,
0=2E00002929951155419272, 1.9159809524036275*^-8,
2.947744959661626, 9.499149878855855*^-7, 0.00010030400755062146,
0=2E0519294748579972, 0.000019408989269586413}
(E^(k12*x3*Sign[k12])*Pi*((-k12)*x3 + Sign[k12]))/(2*k12^3) /. lst2
{1.9279132918489237, 0.009907357612293364, 5.29836913480746*^-6,
0=2E00002929951155419272, 1.9159809524036275*^-8,
2.947744959661626, 9.499149878855855*^-7, 0.00010030400755062146,
0=2E0519294748579972, 0.000019408989269586413}
Kind Regards
Dimitris
=CF/=C7 David W.Cantrell =DD=E3=F1=E1=F8=E5:
> "vromero" <vromero at ucaribe.edu.mx> wrote:
> > Hello,
> > I tried the following integral:
> >
> > Integrate[Exp[-I k3 x3]/(k12^2 + k3^2)^2,{k3,-Infinity,Infinity},
> > Assumptions -> k12!=0 && Im[k12] == 0 && Im[k3] == 0 && Im[x3=
] == 0]
> >
> > The result in version 5 is
> >
> > (Abs[k12]*MeijerG[{{1/2}, {}}, {{0, 1/2, 3/2}, {}},
> > (-(1/4))*k12^2*x3^2])/(k12^4*Sqrt[Pi])
> >
> > But in version 4 is
> >
> > (1 + Abs[k12] Abs[x3]) / Abs[k12]^2 * Exp[- Abs[k12] Abs[x3]]
> >
> > How can I get last result from version 5?
> >
> > Thanks in advance...
>
> As Dimitris has already noted, both of the results above are incorrect, so
> I'll just address the question of how to get a simple and correct result
> from the current version of Mathematica.
>
> The value of your integral must be real. Unfortunately, Mathematica does
> not use the assumptions which you specified to full advantage. The first
> thing I did which gave a correct answer was to manually replace
> Exp[-I k3 x3] with Cos[k3 x3] in your integral. Later, I realized there w=
as
> an alternative which required less knowledge from the user: Since your
> parameters and variable are real, just use ComplexExpand on your integrand
>
> In[9]:=
> Integrate[ComplexExpand[Exp[-I k3 x3]/(k12^2 + k3^2)^2], {k3, -Infinity,
> Infinity}, Assumptions -> k12 != 0 && Im[k12] == 0 && Im[k3] ===
0 &&
> Im[x3] == 0]
>
> Out[9]=
> (Pi*(k12*Abs[x3] + Sign[k12]))/(E^(Abs[k12]*Abs[x3])*(2*k12^3))
>
> David W. Cantrell