Re: Bug of Integrate
- To: mathgroup at smc.vnet.net
- Subject: [mg82817] Re: Bug of Integrate
- From: m.r at inbox.ru
- Date: Wed, 31 Oct 2007 06:22:28 -0500 (EST)
- References: <fg4dfv$6c3$1@smc.vnet.net><fg6pse$d44$1@smc.vnet.net>
On Oct 30, 2:26 am, "David W.Cantrell" <DWCantr... at sigmaxi.net> wrote:
> Miguel <misv... at gmail.com> wrote:
> > When I try to calculate the integral
>
> > Integrate[Sqrt[1/Cos[t]^2]*3*Cos[t],{t,0,2Pi}] Mathematica 6.0.1
> > yields -6*Pi.
>
> If so, then that is clearly a bug. But in version 5.2, the result is
> correct:
>
> In[1]:= Integrate[Sqrt[1/Cos[t]^2]*3*Cos[t],{t,0,2Pi}]
>
> Out[1]= 0
>
> > Simplifying the expresion resultrs Integrate[3,{t,0,2*Pi}] and It is
> > clear that the correct solution is 6*Pi.
>
> No. Simplifying the integrand does not give 3, rather
>
> In[2]:= Simplify[Sqrt[1/Cos[t]^2]*3*Cos[t], Element[t,Reals]]
>
> Out[2]= 3 Abs[Sec[t]] Cos[t]
>
> which BTW is the same as 3 Sign[Cos[t]] for real t except when Cos[t]==0.
>
> However, related to the above, version 5.2 does give an incorrect result
> for a definite integral with a symbolic real limit. Whether this error
> still exists in version 6, I don't know:
>
> In[3]:= Assuming[Element[x,Reals],Integrate[3*Sign[Cos[t]],{t,0,x}]]
>
> Out[3]= 3 If[x > 0, x Abs[Cos[x]] Sec[x],
> Integrate[Sign[Cos[t]], {t, 0, x}, Assumptions -> x <= 0]]
>
> The above is incorrect for x > Pi/2. A correct result would have been
>
> 3 Sign[Cos[x]] (x - Pi Floor[x/Pi + 1/2])
>
> for all real x.
>
> David W. Cantrell
Note that your formula isn't correct for x = Pi/2 + Pi k. The correct
expression for all real x is
In[1]:= Assuming[0 <= x < 2 Pi, Integrate[3 Sign[Cos[t]], {t, 0,
x}]] /.
x -> Mod[x, 2 Pi]
Out[1]= Piecewise[{{-3 Pi/2, Mod[x, 2 Pi] == 3 Pi/2}, {3 (Pi - Mod[x,
2 Pi]), Pi/2 < Mod[x, 2 Pi] < 3 Pi/2}, {-3 (2 Pi - Mod[x, 2 Pi]), 3 Pi/
2 < Mod[x, 2 Pi] < 2 Pi}, {3 Mod[x, 2 Pi], 0 < Mod[x, 2 Pi] <= Pi/2}}]
Maxim Rytin
m.r at inbox.ru