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Re: how does Rotate in 2D work?

  • To: mathgroup at smc.vnet.net
  • Subject: [mg127662] Re: how does Rotate in 2D work?
  • From: "Alexander Elkins" <alexander_elkins at hotmail.com>
  • Date: Tue, 14 Aug 2012 04:19:41 -0400 (EDT)
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  • References: <jvt3om$luo$1@smc.vnet.net>

The answer to the question "How can I use the Rotate command so that the
_origin_ of the arrow or the Line I want to rotate is where the rotation
occur around?" is given by the following replacement function:

altRotate[g_, \[Theta]_, {x_, y_}] :=
Rotate[g, \[Theta], ({x, y} - RotationTransform[-\[Theta]][{x, y}])/(
2 - 2 Cos[\[Theta]])] /; Mod[\[Theta], \[Pi]] != 0

Here it is using the example given:

Graphics[{altRotate[Arrow[{{0, 0}, {1, 0}}], 90 Degree, {1, 0}]},
Axes -> True]

To understand why this is the correct answer, note that
Rotate[g_, \[Theta]_, {x_, y_}] gives the same transformation as
GeometricTransformation[g, RotationTransform[\[Theta], {x, y}]]
as shown by the following two examples:

Manipulate[
Graphics[{{Dashed, Circle[pt, Norm[pt]]},
Table[Rotate[{Hue[\[Theta]/2/\[Pi]], Arrow[{{0, 0}, {1, 0}}],
Line[{{-2, -2}, {-2, 2}, {2, 2}, {2, -2}, {-2, -2}}]}, \[Theta] ,
pt], {\[Theta], 0, 2 \[Pi], \[Pi]/3}]}, Axes -> True,
PlotRange -> {{-8, 8}, {-8, 8}}], {{pt, {-2, 2}}, Locator}]

Manipulate[
Graphics[{{Dashed, Circle[pt, Norm[pt]]},
Table[GeometricTransformation[{Hue[\[Theta]/2/\[Pi]],
Arrow[{{0, 0}, {1, 0}}],
Line[{{-2, -2}, {-2, 2}, {2, 2}, {2, -2}, {-2, -2}}]},
RotationTransform[\[Theta], pt]], {\[Theta], 0, 2 \[Pi], \[Pi]/3}]},
Axes -> True, PlotRange -> {{-8, 8}, {-8, 8}}], {{pt, {-2, 2}}, Locator}]

Then further note that:

RotationTransform[\[Theta], {x, y}] ==
Composition[TranslationTransform[{x, y}],
  RotationTransform[\[Theta] ],
  TranslationTransform[-{x, y}]] ==
Composition[TranslationTransform[{x, y}],
  TranslationTransform[RotationTransform[\[Theta] ][-{x, y}]],
  RotationTransform[\[Theta] ]] ==
Composition[TranslationTransform[{x, y} -
  RotationTransform[\[Theta] ][{x, y}]],
  RotationTransform[\[Theta] ]]

Since the desired transformation is equivalent to
Composition[TranslationTransform[{u, v}], RotationTransform[\[Theta] ] ]
then it is clear that we must solve for {x, y} in terms of  {u, v}:

In[174]:= Simplify[{x, y} /. Solve[{x, y} -
  RotationTransform[\[Theta] ][{x, y}] == {u, v}, {x, y}]][[1]]
Out[174]= {1/2 (u - v Cot[\[Theta]/2]), 1/2 (v + u Cot[\[Theta]/2])}

Which is the same result as given by:

In[176]:= FullSimplify[({u, v} - RotationTransform[-\[Theta]][{u, v}])/
  (2 - 2 Cos[\[Theta]])]
Out[176]= {1/2 (u - v Cot[\[Theta]/2]), 1/2 (v + u Cot[\[Theta]/2])}

Note also that:

Composition[TranslationTransform[{x, y}], RotationTransform[\[Theta]]] ==
AffineTransform[{RotationMatrix[\[Theta] ], {x, y}}]

So we could also create another very simple function to replace Rotate:

tRotate[g_, \[Theta]_, {x_, y_}] :=
GeometricTransformation[g,
AffineTransform[{RotationMatrix[\[Theta] ], {x, y}}]]

And use it like so:

Graphics[{tRotate[Arrow[{{0, 0}, {1, 0}}], 90 Degree, {1, 0}]}, Axes ->
True]

Hope this helps...

"Nasser M. Abbasi" <nma at 12000.org> wrote in message
news:jvt3om$luo$1 at smc.vnet.net...
>
> Suppose I have an arrow Arrow[{{0,0},{0,1}}] and I want
> to rotate it 90 degrees, but taking the origin of the arrow
> to be the point {0.5,0} when doing the rotation, instead of
> the point {0,0} as it is above.
>
> i.e. given
>
>              |
>              |
>              +----->
>           (0,0)    (1,0)
>
> Now if I do Rotate on the above, by 90 degrees, with {0,0} as
> origin, it gives, using the command
>
> Graphics[{
>    Rotate[Arrow[{{0, 0}, {1, 0}}], 90 Degree, {0, 0}]
>    }, Axes -> True]
>
>
>       (0,1)  ^
>              |
>              |
>              +---
>           (0,0)
>
>
> So far so good. Now, I want to obtain this
>
>                     ^
>                     |
>              |      |
>              +------+
>           (0,0)    (1,0)
>
> i.e. I want the rotation to be around (1,0), and not (0,0).
> I thought I can do it using the same command above, by just
> changing {0,0} to {1,0} like this
>
> Graphics[{
>    Rotate[Arrow[{{0, 0}, {1, 0}}], 90 Degree, {1, 0}]
>    }, Axes -> True]
>
> But the above gave
>
>              |     (1,0)
>              +------+--
>             (0,0)   ^
>                     |
>                     |
>
> It is more strange when asking for rotation around say (.5,0),
>
> Graphics[{
>    Rotate[Arrow[{{0, 0}, {1, 0}}], 90 Degree, {.5, 0}]
>    }, Axes -> True]
>
> Now it gives
>                    ^
>              |     |
>              +-----|------
>             (0,0)  |(0.5,0)
>                    |
>                    |
>
> So, I think this has to do what that 'bounding box' that help talks about,
> but ofcourse help does not say how to change this or anything, and no
> examples.
>
> question is:
> How can I use the Rotate command so that the _origin_ of the arrow
> or the Line I want to rotate is where the rotation occur around? i.e
> I want the arrow to be based from that rotation point before the
> rotation start.
>
> (I know there other ways to do this, using RotationMatrix and such,
> but I wanted to find how to do it using Rotate). I think the
> problem is with the Bounding Box thing, which I do not
> understand now how to change in this case.
>
> ps. Please WRI, improve your help pages more. Add more 'words' and
> do not be so brief and cryptic in the description and add more
> examples and add links to things you mention.
>
> thanks.
> --Nasser
>
>
>
>
>
>






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