Re: Trouble : simple stuffs for beginner
- To: mathgroup at smc.vnet.net
 - Subject: [mg48279] Re: Trouble : simple stuffs for beginner
 - From: Paul Abbott <paul at physics.uwa.edu.au>
 - Date: Fri, 21 May 2004 03:54:28 -0400 (EDT)
 - Organization: The University of Western Australia
 - References: <c8f236$d3l$1@smc.vnet.net>
 - Sender: owner-wri-mathgroup at wolfram.com
 
In article <c8f236$d3l$1 at smc.vnet.net>,
 Julien MARY <julien.mary at free.fr> wrote:
>    I am defining :
> 
> 	g[x_] := Sum[
>      Integrate[(-1)^k(2k - t)(2k - 1 < x <= 2k + 1)E[-(t - x)^2/2],
>        t], {k, -Infinity, Infinity}]
Mathematica is not yet smart enough to understand such a syntax for 
piecewise functions. 
> To be clear, it the convolution of  arcsin(sin(x))/2Pi with exp(-x²/2)
I obtain
  ArcSin[Sin[t]] = (-1)^k (t - k Pi)
for (k - 1/2) Pi <= t <= (k + 1/2) Pi. Hence the piecewise integral is
  int[k_][x_] = Integrate[(-1)^k (t - k Pi) Exp[-(t - x)^2 / 2],   
    {t, (k - 1/2) Pi, (k + 1/2) Pi}]
which Mathematica can compute in closed-form. Then, you need to sum over 
all the pieces. Here is the (symmetric) partial sum:
  g[n_][x_] := Sum[int[k][x], {k, -n, n}]
Mathematica cannot compute the infinite sum in closed-form (and I 
suspect no simple closed-form exists).
> 	The I want to plot g[x] with Plot[g[x],{x,-10,10}] and Mathematica is 
> insulting me. 
Is it really insulting you? Anyway,
  Plot[Evaluate[g[15][x]], {x,-10,10}]
does what you want (you will see little change as you increase the 
number of terms in the partial sum). Note the use of Evaluate to compute 
the sum _once_ prior to plotting. Also, observe that the result is "very 
close" to 1.94 Sin[x] (i.e., other Fourier components are very small).
An alternative derivation uses the Fourier Sin expansion of 
ArcSin[Sin[t]]:
  ArcSin[Sin[t]] ==
    Sum[(-1)^(k+1) Sin[(2k-1) t]/(k-1/2)^2,{k,1,Infinity}]/Pi 
Then the convolution integral can be obtained by computing
  SetOptions[Integrate, GenerateConditions -> False];
  Integrate[Exp[I (2k-1) t] Exp[-(t-x)^2 / 2], {t,-Infinity,Infinity}]
and taking the imaginary part of the result
  Simplify[ComplexExpand[Im[%]], k > 0]
obtaining
  Sqrt[2 Pi] Sin[(2k-1) x] Exp[-(2k-1)^2 / 2]
Hence the (partial sums of the) convolution are
  h[n_][x_] := Sqrt[2/Pi] Sum[(-1)^(k+1)/(k-1/2)^2 Sin[(2k-1) x] * 
                    Exp[-(2k-1)^2 / 2],{k,1,n}]
which we plot as
  Plot[Evaluate[h[15][x]], {x,-10,10}]
Cheers,
Paul
-- 
Paul Abbott                                   Phone: +61 8 9380 2734
School of Physics, M013                         Fax: +61 8 9380 1014
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