Re: Re: Help with algorithm to find rational
- To: mathgroup at smc.vnet.net
- Subject: [mg105266] Re: [mg105207] Re: [mg105080] Help with algorithm to find rational
- From: Daniel Lichtblau <danl at wolfram.com>
- Date: Wed, 25 Nov 2009 23:00:18 -0500 (EST)
- References: <200911201139.GAA03433@smc.vnet.net> <4B0B1AE9.1000004@wolfram.com> <200911241049.FAA00779@smc.vnet.net>
Tito Piezas wrote:
> Hello Daniel,
>
> Thanks for the reply. It had funny side comments, btw. :-)
>
> Anyway, this problem arose in the context of trying to solve the multi-grade
> eqn,
>
> x1^k + x2^k + ... + x6^k = y1^k + y2^k + ... + y6^k, for k = 2,4,6,8
>
> One way to solve this is to use the highly symmetric form,
>
> (pa+qb+c)^k + (pa+qb-c)^k + (qa-pb+d)^k + (qa-pb-d)^k + (ra+sb)^k +
> (sa-rb)^k =
> (pa-qb+c)^k + (pa-qb-c)^k + (qa+qb+d)^k +(qa+pb-d)^k + (ra-sb)^k +
> (sa+rb)^k (Eq.1)
>
> where {c^2, d^2} = {ta^2+ub^2, tb^2+ua^2}.
>
> Note how "b" has just been negated in the RHS. For some constants
> {p,q,r,s,t,u}, this can have an _infinite_ number of non-trivial solns as
> the quadratic conditions on {c,d} imply an elliptic curve. This has only
> three known families:
>
> 1. {p,q,r,s,t,u} = {1, 3, 2, 8, 45, -11} (Piezas, 2009, for k = 2,4,6,8,10}
> 2. {p,q,r,s,t,u} = {1, 10, 1, 11, -27/5, 248/5} (Wroblewski, 2009)
> 3. {p,q,r,s,t,u} = {2, 5, 4, 6, -11/5, 64/5} (Wroblewski, 2009)
>
> One can assume p < q without loss of generality. I found the first one
> using one approach, while Wroblewski found the next two using a numerical
> search (something I should have done!). Solving for {c,d} by taking square
> roots, Eq. 1 is already true for k = 2. By expanding for k = 4,6, one can
> linearly express {t,u}, in terms of {p,q,r,s}, so those 4 are the only true
> unknowns. For k = 8, one gets a palindromic eqn of the form,
>
> P1a^4 + P2a^2b^2 + P1b^4 = 0
>
> To make this true, one should find {p,q,r,s} such that P1 = P2 = 0. These
> are 15-deg eqns so to resolve them is horrendous. But we can use a trick to
> simplify matters. Note how r = np for n = {2,1,2} in the identities above.
> And since the system is homogeneous, it can be set s = 1 without loss of
> generality. So let,
>
> {r,s} = {pn, 1}
>
> The trick of making r = pn makes p have only even powers, so let p = z^(1/2)
> to reduce the degree even further. We end up with two 5th degs in z which is
> manageable. Let,
>
> Factor[Resultant[P1, P2, z]]
>
> and, after just a short while, Mathematica spits out an irreducible 22-deg
> eqn solely in n and q, call this E22. (Disregard the trivial linear factors
> in n,q.)
>
> Let n = 1, and E22 has one non-trivial linear factor, q = 10/11.
> Let n = 2, and E22 has two non-trivial linear factors, q = {3/8, 5/6}
>
> So far, I haven't been able to find another rational n that does not involve
> mere transposition of the known {p,q,r,s}. (For example, let n = 1/10, and
> it gives q = -1/11).
>
> Question: So what's the easier route: a) find n such that E22 has
> a linear factor?, or b) just brute-force search for non-trivial
> {p,q,r,s} that makes Eq.1 true for k = {2,4,6,8}?
>
> Tip 1: To speed up things, one can assume p < q.
> Tip 2: If Eq.1 = 0 for k = 12, then those {p,q,r,s} are trivial.
>
> Anyone can find a 4th infinite family? Any help is appreciated.
>
> - Titus
About the only pointer I can give is that the method I outlined is not
likely to be of significant help, unless you get lucky and for some
prime most substitutions in one variable give no solution in the other.
The more I look at it, the more that method appears to be brute force,
albeit well disguised. I should have caught that earlier (like, before I
posted...).
Daniel Lichtblau
Wolfram Research
- References:
- Help with algorithm to find rational roots of a bivariate equation?
- From: TPiezas <tpiezas@gmail.com>
- Re: Help with algorithm to find rational roots of a
- From: Tito Piezas <tpiezas@gmail.com>
- Help with algorithm to find rational roots of a bivariate equation?