Re: Splitting sums in mathematica
- To: mathgroup at smc.vnet.net
- Subject: [mg126842] Re: Splitting sums in mathematica
- From: Ray Koopman <koopman at sfu.ca>
- Date: Wed, 13 Jun 2012 04:53:30 -0400 (EDT)
- Delivered-to: l-mathgroup@mail-archive0.wolfram.com
- References: <jqusrg$rnm$1@smc.vnet.net> <jr1dvt$73t$1@smc.vnet.net> <jr3qni$gr3$1@smc.vnet.net>
On Jun 10, 9:04 pm, Ray Koopman <koop... at sfu.ca> wrote:
> On Jun 9, 11:14 pm, Ray Koopman <koop... at sfu.ca> wrote:
>> On Jun 9, 12:09 am, jimbo <james.a.gord... at googlemail.com> wrote:
>>> Hello,
>>>
>>> Does anyone know of a way to algebraically split sums (if that is the
>>> correct name for it) in mathematica? I need to do the following (and
>>> higher-order versions of the same)...
>>>
>>> Sum_over_p [ Sum_over_q ( a_p * a_q ) ] = Sum_over_p_equal_q
>>> (a_p^2) + Sum_over_p_not_equal_q (a_p*a_q)
>>>
>>> ...in other words, turn a nested sum running over two indices into two
>>> sum, one for when the indices are equal, and one for when they are
>>> different?
>>>
>>> I then need to make some substitutions once there are no nested sums
>>> and simplify my answer. I have an equation with many hundreds of terms
>>> in it, so doing it by hand is not an option. I can send a typeset
>>> example if anyone needs clarification
>>>
>>> I have version 5.2 for students
>>>
>>> Thanks in advance
>>>
>>> James
>>
>> Let a = {a1,a2,...}. Then a.a gives the sum of the terms with p == q,
>> and 2*Dot@@Transpose@Subsets[a,{2}] gives the sum of the terms with
>> p != q.
>
> If you have to do that many times then you might want to define
> {p,q} = Transpose@Subsets[Range@Length@a,{2}] once, and then
> use 2*a[[p]].a[[q]] to sum the terms whose subscripts differ.
The sum of the terms whose subscripts differ is Tr@a^2 - a.a,
and it may be faster to let Mathematica simplify that.