Fourier Transform Package
- To: mathgroup
- Subject: Fourier Transform Package
- From: Victor Sparrow <sparrow at osiris.cso.uiuc.edu>
- Date: Mon, 17 Apr 89 12:35:26 CDT
[Here is a contributed package. As with all future packages, please
report any problems you may have to the author first so that the
author may submit corrections. Authors should give credit to
the persons locating problems. Disagreements over the workings
of a package can be posted to the mailing list freely.
This package will be placed in the archive. -smc]
April 13, 1989
Dear Steve,
Here is the symbolic Fourier transform package as
promised. Please post to the appropriate notesfiles and
archives. You are getting a shar(1) archive of two files:
Ft.m and Ft.doc. I have developed this on a MacII using
Mathematica release 1.1. Please contact me if you have any
questions or suggestions.
Best wishes,
Vic Sparrow
sparrow at osiris.cso.uiuc.edu
-----------Cut Here----------
#! /bin/sh
# This is a shell archive, meaning:
# 1. Remove everything above the #! /bin/sh line.
# 2. Save the resulting text in a file.
# 3. Execute the file with /bin/sh (not csh) to create:
# Ft.m
# Ft.doc
# This archive created: Thu Apr 13 15:43:43 1989
export PATH; PATH=/bin:/usr/bin:$PATH
if test -f 'Ft.m'
then
echo shar: "will not over-write existing file 'Ft.m'"
else
cat << \SHAR_EOF > 'Ft.m'
(* Ft.m copyright 1989 by Victor W. Sparrow *)
(* Permission is granted to copy the file provided
that the copyright notice is left intact and the
copies are not distributed commercially. *)
(* The author wishes to thank Roman Maeder, George
Swenson, and Mike White, who helped in the
development of this package. Dr. Maeder for his
help in the treatment of complex numbers in pattern
matching, and Drs. Swenson and White for their
encouragement and suggestions. *)
BeginPackage["Ft`"]
(* Version 9: added Fta[], Ftb[], iFta[], iFtb[],
conversion functions for alternate transform
definitions. 04/10/89 *)
(* Version 8: fixed delay with optional scaling for
forward transforms. Also some other rearrangements.
04/04/89 *)
(* Version 7: fixed differentiation transforms
and some other things on 03/27/89 *)
(* Version 6: more inverse transforms and many
improvements to forward ones 03/23/89 *)
(* Version 5: started adding inverse transforms
on 03/22/89 *)
(* Version 4: more usage statements, and additional
improvements to many functions. 03/20/89 *)
(* Version 3: more forward transforms 03/03/89 *)
(* In version 2 Vic Sparrow, the author of this
package, had a little help on complex numbers from
Roman Maeder. 02/28/89 *)
Ft::usage = "Ft[expr,t,omega] gives the symbolic
Fourier transform of expr in t space to omega space."
iFt::usage = "iFt[expr,t,omega] gives the symbolic
inverse Fourier transform of expr in omega space to
t space."
Fta::usage = "Fta[expr,t,omega] gives the symbolic
Fourier transform of expr in t space to omega space.
In this transform the 2 Pi appears in the exponent
of the exponential function."
iFta::usage = "iFta[expr,t,omega] gives the symbolic
inverse Fourier transform of expr in omega space to
t space. In this transform the 2 Pi appears in the
exponent of the exponential function."
Ftb::usage = "Ftb[expr,t,omega] gives the symbolic
Fourier transform of expr in t space to omega space.
This transform includes Sqrt[2 Pi] as a scaling
factor"
iFtb::usage = "iFtb[expr,t,omega] gives the symbolic
inverse Fourier transform of expr in omega space to
t space. This transform includes Sqrt[2 Pi] as a
scaling factor."
convolution::usage = "convolution[a,b] is the convolution
integral of a and b."
delta::usage = "delta[t] is the dirac delta function
of t."
u::usage = "u[t] is the unit step function of t,
u[t]=0 for t<0 and u[t]=1 for t>0."
rect::usage = "rect[t] is the rectagular function of t,
rect[t]=1 for Abs[t]<1/2 and rect[t]=0 otherwise."
sinc::usage = "sinc[t] is the function Sin[t]/t."
triangle::usage = "triangle[t] is the triangular
function of t, triangle[t]=1-Abs[t] for
Abs[t]<1 and triangle[t]=0 otherwise."
Begin["`private`"]
(* Fourier Transform Section: *)
(* constants *)
Ft[c_,t_,om_]:= 2 Pi c delta[om] /; FreeQ[c,t]
(* linearity *)
Ft[a_ + b_,t_,om_]:= Ft[a,t,om] + Ft[b,t,om]
(* pick off constants *)
Ft[c_ a_,t_,om_]:= c Ft[a,t,om] /; FreeQ[c,t]
(* frequency translation *)
Ft[a_ Exp[c_Complex omn_. t_],t_,om_]:=
Ft[a,t,om-Im[c]omn] /;
(FreeQ[omn,t] && Re[c]==0)
(* amplitude modulation *)
Ft[a_ Cos[omn_. t_],t_,om_]:= Ft[a,t,om+omn]/2 +
Ft[a,t,om-omn]/2 /; FreeQ[omn,t]
(* time differentiation *)
Unprotect[Derivative]
Derivative/: Ft[Derivative[n_Integer?Positive][a_][t_],t_,om_]:=
(I om)^n Ft[a[t],t,om]
Protect[Derivative]
(* time convolution *)
Ft[convolution[a_,b_],t_,om_]:=
Ft[a,t,om] Ft[b,t,om]
(* complex conjugate *)
Ft[Conjugate[a_],t_,om_]:= Conjugate[Ft[a,t,-om]]
(* sign function *)
Ft[Sign[t_],t_,om_]:= 2 / (I om)
(* delta function *)
Ft[delta[t_],t_,om_]:= 1
(* step function *)
Ft[u[t_],t_,om_]:= Pi delta[om] - I/om
(* complex exponential *)
Ft[Exp[c_Complex omn_. t_],t_,om_]:=
2 Pi delta[om - Im[c]omn] /;
(FreeQ[omn,t] && Re[c]==0)
(* cosine *)
Ft[Cos[omn_. t_],t_,om_]:= Pi(delta[om -omn] +
delta[om+omn]) /; FreeQ[omn,t]
(* sine *)
Ft[Sin[omn_. t_],t_,om_]:= -I Pi(delta[om - omn] -
delta[om+omn]) /; FreeQ[omn,t]
(* step exponential *)
Ft[Exp[c_?NumberQ con_. t_] u[t_],t_,om_]:=
1/(-c con + I om) /;
(FreeQ[con,t] && c<0 && Im[c]==0)
(* step exponential 2 *)
Ft[t_ Exp[c_?NumberQ con_. t_] u[t_],t_,om_]:=
1/(-c con + I om)^2 /;
(FreeQ[con,t] && c<0 && Im[c]==0)
(* double sided exponential *)
Ft[Exp[c_?NumberQ con_. Abs[t_]],t_,om_]:=
-2 c con/((- c con)^2 + om^2) /;
(FreeQ[con,t] && c<0 && Im[c]==0)
(* Gaussian: c=-1/(2 sigma^2) sigma=Sqrt[-1/2c]
assume c<0 and sigma>0 *)
Ft[Exp[c_?NumberQ ccon_. t_^2],t_,om_]:=
Sqrt[- Pi/(c ccon)] Exp[om^2/( 4 c ccon)] /;
(FreeQ[ccon,t] && c<0 && Im[c]==0)
(* Sign in freq. domain. *)
Ft[Power[t_,-1],t_,om_]:= -I Pi Sign[om] /;
FreeQ[c,t]
(* Rectangular fn. *)
Ft[rect[t_],t_,om_]:= sinc[om/2]
(* sinc fn. *)
Ft[sinc[t_],t_,om_]:= Pi rect[om/2]
(* Triangle fn. *)
Ft[triangle[t_],t_,om_]:=(sinc[om/2])^2
(* Very general rules should be last. *)
(* frequency differentiation *)
Ft[t_^n_. a_,t_,om_]:=
I^n Derivative[n][ Ft[a,t,om] ][om] /;
FreeQ[n,t] && n>0
(* multiplication by delta function *)
Ft[a_ delta[t_ + tnot_.],t_,om_]:=
Limit[a Exp[-I om t],t->-tnot] /; FreeQ[tnot,t]
(* scaling *)
Ft[a_[alph_ t_],t_,om_]:= (1/Abs[alph]
Ft[a[t],t,om/alph] /; FreeQ[alph,t] )
(* delay with optional scaling *)
Ft[a_[alph_. t_ + tnot_],t_,om_]:= (1/Abs[alph]
Ft[a[t],t,om/alph] Exp[I tnot om / alph] /;
FreeQ[alph,t] && FreeQ[tnot,t])
(* frequency convolution for 2 *)
Ft[a_[t_] b_[t_],t_,om_]:=
convolution[Ft[a[t],t,om],Ft[b[t],t,om]]/(2 Pi)
(* Inverse Fourier Transform Section: *)
(* constants *)
iFt[c_,t_,om_]:= c delta[t] /; FreeQ[c,om]
(* linearity *)
iFt[a_ + b_,t_,om_]:= iFt[a,t,om] + iFt[b,t,om]
(* pick off constants *)
iFt[c_ a_,t_,om_]:= c iFt[a,t,om] /; FreeQ[c,om]
(* one sided exponential *)
iFt[1/(c_ + I om_),t_,om_]:= Exp[-c t] u[t] /;
FreeQ[c,om]
(* t and one sided exponential *)
iFt[1/(c_ + I om_)^2,t_,om_]:= t Exp[-c t] u[t] /;
FreeQ[c,om]
(* double sided exponential *)
iFt[1/(c_ + om_^2),t_,om_]:= ( Exp[-Sqrt[c] Abs[t]]
/(2 Sqrt[c]) /; FreeQ[c,om] )
(* Gaussian *)
(* c=-sigma^2/2) sigma=Sqrt[-2c]
assume c<0 and sigma>0 *)
iFt[Exp[c_?NumberQ ccon_. om_^2],t_,om_]:=
Exp[t^2/(4 c ccon)]/(2 Sqrt[-Pi c ccon]) /;
(FreeQ[ccon,om] && c<0 && Im[c]==0)
(* Sign[] in time *)
iFt[1/om_,t_,om_]:= I Sign[t]/2
(* Sign[] for frequency *)
iFt[Sign[om_],t_,om_]:= I/(Pi t)
(* delta function *)
iFt[delta[om_],t_,om_]:= 1/( 2 Pi)
(* sine: this could be improved *)
iFt[delta[om_-omnot_]-delta[om_+omnot_],t_,om_]:=
I Sin[omnot t]/Pi /; FreeQ[omnot,om]
(* cosine: this could be improved *)
iFt[delta[om_-omnot_]+delta[om_+omnot_],t_,om_]:=
Cos[omnot t]/Pi /; FreeQ[omnot,om]
(* sinc function *)
iFt[sinc[om_],t_,om_]:= rect[t/2]/2
(* rect function *)
iFt[rect[om_],t_,om_]:= sinc[t/2]/(2 Pi)
(* sinc squared *)
iFt[sinc[om_ tau_.]^2,t_,om_]:=
triangle[t/(2 tau)]/(2 tau) /; FreeQ[tau,om]
(* time differentiation *)
iFt[om_^n_. a_,t_,om_]:=
(-I)^n Derivative[n][ iFt[a,t,om] ][t] /;
FreeQ[n,om] && n>0
(* frequency differentiation *)
Unprotect[Derivative]
Derivative/: iFt[Derivative[n_Integer?Positive][a_][om_],t_,om_]:=
(t/I)^n iFt[a[om],t,om]
Protect[Derivative]
(* general rules last *)
(* multiplication by delta function *)
iFt[a_ delta[om_ + omnot_.],t_,om_]:=
Limit[a Exp[I om t]/(2 Pi),om->-omnot] /; FreeQ[omnot,om]
(* scaling *)
iFt[a_[alph_ om_],t_,om_]:=
( iFt[a[om],t/alph,om]/Abs[alph] /; FreeQ[alph,om] )
(* frequency translation *)
iFt[a_[om_ + omnot_],t_,om_]:=
iFt[a[om],t,om] Exp[-I omnot t]/;
FreeQ[omnot,om]
(* time translation *)
iFt[a_[om_] Exp[c_Complex tnot_. om_],t_,om_]:=
iFt[a[om],t + Im[c] tnot, om] /;
FreeQ[tnot,om] && Re[c]==0
(* frequency multiplication *)
iFt[a_[om_] b_[om_],t_,om_]:=
convolution[iFt[a[om],t,om],iFt[b[om],t,om]]
(* Alternative definition transform section. *)
(* Alternative a: 2Pi only in exponent of expoentials. *)
Fta[a_,t_,om_]:=Ft[a,t,2 Pi om]
iFta[a_,t_,om_]:=iFt[2 Pi a, 2 Pi t, om]
(* Alternative b: Sqrt[2 Pi] appears in both forward and
inverse trasforms. *)
Ftb[a_,t_,om_]:=Ft[a,t,om]/Sqrt[2 Pi]
iFtb[a_,t_,om_]:=Sqrt[2 Pi] iFt[a,t,om]
End[]
EndPackage[]
SHAR_EOF
fi
if test -f 'Ft.doc'
then
echo shar: "will not over-write existing file 'Ft.doc'"
else
cat << \SHAR_EOF > 'Ft.doc'
Ft: a symbolic Fourier transform package for Mathematica
by Victor W. Sparrow
Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering,
University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign
and USA-CERL Acoustics Team, Champaign, IL
April 13, 1989
Ft is a Mathematica package written to perform symbolic forward and
inverse Fourier transforms. To load this package into Mathematica,
type the following at a Mathematica prompt:
<<Ft.m
Then, for example, to take the symbolic Fourier transform of
Exp[-a t] u[t] one types:
Ft[Exp[-a t] u[t],t,omega] .
Further, to find the inverse transform of 1/(a + omega) one can type:
iFt[1/(a + omega),t,omega] .
These two examples demonstrate common specific uses of this package.
The general format to perform a forward transform is
Ft[expression of domain 1, domain 1 variable, domain 2 variable]
and for an inverse transform is
iFt[expression of domain 2, domain 1 variable, domain 2 variable] .
The Ft package is simplistic in its construction, and it can only find
symbolic Fourier transforms and inverses commonly found in the tables
of mathematical handbooks.
The Ft package knows how the following standard engineering
functions are used in transforms:
u[t], the unit step function: u[t]=1 for t>0
u[t]=0 for t<0
delta[t], the Dirac delta function
rect[t], the rectangular function: rect[t]=1 for Abs[t] < (1/2)
rect[t]=0 otherwise
sinc[t], the Sin[t]/t function, and
triangle[t], the triangular function: triangle[t] = 1 - Abs[t]
for Abs[t] < 1
triangle[t] = 0 otherwise
Ft.m, however, does not know the properties of these functions
if they are not used in Fourier transforms. In addition, Ft.m knows
about certain mathematical operations such as convolution.
Ft[convolution[a[t],b[t]],t,omega]
gives the Fourier transform of the convolution of the functions of a[t]
and b[t].
The Fourier transform pair
Infinity
/ -I omega t
F[omega]= | f[t] e dt
/
-Infinity
Infinity
1 / I omega t
f[t]= ____ | F[omega] e d omega
2 Pi /
-Infinity
is implicitly used in this package. The way the package is written,
however, the integral forms of these expressions are never referred to
in Ft.m. Ft.m will not help Mathematica in evaluating expressions like
Integral[f[t] Exp[-I omega t],{t,-Infinity,Infinity}]
which Mathematica cannot handle alone. All of the calculations in Ft.m
use the above Fourier transform pair. If one prefers the pair
Infinity
/ -I 2 Pi nu t
F[nu]= | f[t] e dt
/
-Infinity
Infinity
/ I 2 Pi nu t
f[t]= | F[nu] e d nu
/
-Infinity
he can use
Fta[expression in domain 1, domain 1 variable, domain 2 variable]
and
iFta[expression in domain 2, domain 1 variable, domain 2 variable] .
This usage merely converts the expressions to the Ft[] and iFt[] format
and evaluates the expressions. Note: the way this is implemented means
that if one takes the Fta[] of some complicated expression, the answer
may be in terms of the Ft[] of simple expressions. Similarly one can
use the Fourier transform pair
Infinity
1 / -I omega t
F[omega]=__________ | f[t] e dt
Sqrt[2 Pi] /
-Infinity
Infinity
1 / I omega t
f[t]=__________ | F[omega] e d omega
Sqrt[2 Pi] /
-Infinity
using the general forms
Ftb[expression in domain 1, domain 1 variable, domain 2 variable]
and
iFtb[expression in domain 2, domain 1 variable, domain 2 variable]
although again the resultant expressions may be in terms of Ft[] and iFt[].
Often to get the inverse Fourier transform of a complicated expression
in the frequency domain, the user will need to do some processing in
Mathematica outside of Ft.m. For instance Apart[] is useful for breaking
ratios of polynomials into sums of terms with simple denominators.
(Partial fraction expansion.)
Comments on this package from users would be helpful. Please
contact Victor W. Sparrow at sparrow at osiris.cso.uiuc.edu via E-mail.
SHAR_EOF
fi
exit 0
# End of shell archive
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