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Re: Periodic Rebirth of Hyperbolic Functions by ODE in Mathematica

  • To: mathgroup at smc.vnet.net
  • Subject: [mg66183] Re: Periodic Rebirth of Hyperbolic Functions by ODE in Mathematica
  • From: Maxim <m.r at inbox.ru>
  • Date: Wed, 3 May 2006 02:45:07 -0400 (EDT)
  • References: <e2i7qg$8tg$1@smc.vnet.net><e2nds9$3a7$1@smc.vnet.net> <e36v68$n5p$1@smc.vnet.net>
  • Sender: owner-wri-mathgroup at wolfram.com

On Tue, 2 May 2006 06:45:28 +0000 (UTC), Narasimham <mathma18 at hotmail.com>  
wrote:

> Thanks. So in effect there is no way except using first order ODE ? and
>  BTW, why does not integ(r' r '' ) = r'^2 /2 work for tanh?
>

Yes, ultimately this method is just a reduction of order, but used in an  
indirect way. Note that if we simply tried to feed the invariant to  
NDSolve it wouldn't work:

In[1]:= inv = Integrate[(r''[th] - r[th]*(1 - 2*r[th]^2))*r'[th], th];
   r[1] /. NDSolve[{inv == 0, r[0] == 1}, r, {th, 0, 100}]

Out[2]= {1., 1.}

because NDSolve would only find the solution to the system {r'[th] == 0,  
r[0] == 1}.

To make it work for your second example, we need to increase  
WorkingPrecision:

In[3]:= ode = r''[th] - 2*(r[th]^3 - r[th]);
   inv = Integrate[ode*r'[th], th];
   sol = First@ NDSolve[{ode == 0, r[0] == 0, r'[0] == 1},
     r, {th, 0, 100},
     Method -> {Projection, Invariants -> inv},
     MaxStepFraction -> .001,
     WorkingPrecision -> 100, PrecisionGoal -> 10];
   Plot[r[th] - Tanh[th] /. sol, {th, 0, 100}, PlotRange -> All]

I don't know how to get an accurate solution from NDSolve without using  
this additional information about the invariant.

Here's how to obtain the exact solution:

In[7]:= r[th] /. DSolve[{inv == 1/2, r[0] == 0, r'[0] == 1},
   r, th] // FullSimplify

Out[7]= {Tanh[th]}

Another standard method is to introduce the new variable p[r] = r':

In[8]:= ode2 = ode //.
     Derivative[k_][r][th] :> D[p[r[th]], {th, k - 1}] /.
   r[th] :> r

Out[8]= -2*(-r + r^3) + p[r]*Derivative[1][p][r]

In[9]:= sol = First@ DSolve[{ode2 == 0, p[0] == 1}, p, r]

out[9]= {p -> Function[{r}, Sqrt[1 - 2*r^2 + r^4]]}

In[10]:= r[th] /. DSolve[
   {r'[th]^2 == (p[r]^2 /. sol /. r -> r[th]), r[0] == 0, r'[0] == 1},
   r, th] // FullSimplify

Out[10]= {Tanh[th]}

Maxim Rytin
m.r at inbox.ru


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