Re: strange behavior of Integrate
- To: mathgroup at smc.vnet.net
- Subject: [mg75302] Re: strange behavior of Integrate
- From: dimitris <dimmechan at yahoo.com>
- Date: Tue, 24 Apr 2007 03:28:38 -0400 (EDT)
- References: <200704220910.FAA20220@smc.vnet.net><f0hv8o$acb$1@smc.vnet.net>
>The difference in result is a subtle interaction between use of caching >for certain intermediate results, and use of time constraints in some >places (nobably simplifications). In effect a simplification attempt >might time out the first attempt but succeed in later tries due to >having more intermediate computations precomputed and cached. Very clear explanation. I learn some new things. Hence, I really appreciate your response. >Integrate does make (very limited) use of FullSimplify. I didn't know this. Thanks for pointing me out. Using a code by Chris Chiasson I see that Integrate does use FullSimplify in this integral Developer`ClearCache[] Block[{$Output = {OpenWrite["C:\\msgStream.m"]}}, TracePrint[(1/Pi)*Integrate[Log[x/(x^2 + 1)]*(1/(x^2 + 1)^m), {x, 0, Infinity}, Assumptions -> m >= 1], TraceInternal -> True]; Close /@ $Output]; Thread[Union[Cases[ReadList["C:\\msgStream.m", HoldComplete[Expression]], symb_Symbol /; AtomQ[Unevaluated[symb]] && Context[Unevaluated[symb]] === "System`" :> HoldComplete[symb], {0, Infinity}, Heads -> True]], HoldComplete] (*outout is ommited*) MemberQ[FullSimplify, -1] True >Why is this integral important? > > int = HoldForm[(1/Pi)*Integrate[Log[x/(x^2 + 1)]*(1/(x^2 + 1)^m), {x,= 0, Infinity}, Assumptions -> m >= 1]] I study the book "Irresistible Integrals" by George Boros and Victor Moll (2nd Edition, Campridge University Press 2006). I work various formulas by hand and Mathematica from this book and one of worked examples is this integral (page 270). (BTW, very good performance of Mathematica) Is is a good reason or not? Best Regards Dimitris Daniel Lichtblau Wolfram Research =CF/=C7 Daniel Lichtblau =DD=E3=F1=E1=F8=E5: > dimitris wrote: > > Hi fellas. > > > > In my travel (sic!) through definite integration I encountered a > > strange > > behavior (at least!) of Integrate. Of course may be this is something > > well known but I haven't notice any relevant before. So I apologize > > if I discuss an old issue. > > > > Anyway, here we go... > > > > $VersionNumber > > 5.2 > > > > Consider the integral > > > > In[1]:= > > int = HoldForm[(1/Pi)*Integrate[Log[x/(x^2 + 1)]*(1/(x^2 + 1)^m), {x, > > 0, Infinity}, Assumptions -> m >= 1]] > > > > Here is the definite integral by Mathematica > > > > In[2]:= > > res1 = int // ReleaseHold > > Infinity::indet: Indeterminate expression 0*Infinity encountered. > > > > Out[2]= > > -((1/(4*Pi*Gamma[m]))*((-3 + 2*m)*Sqrt[Pi]*Gamma[-(3/2) + > > m]*(PolyGamma[0, 1 - m] - PolyGamma[0, 3/2 - m]) + Gamma[-(1/2) + > > m]*(4^(1 + m)*m*Gamma[-2*m]*Gamma[m]*Gamma[1/2 + m] + > > Sqrt[Pi]*(EulerGamma + Log[4] + PolyGamma[0, -(1/2) + m])))) > > > > Observe first the Infinity::indet message. > > > > Despite the presence of the warning message the result is correct. > > [...] > > At this point, someone may believe that the strange behavior I was > > talking about is this > > warning message. Even though the presence of this message needs some > > discussion, > > (although they are known cases where Built in functions generate > > warning messages > > in spite of the results being correct) the next issue is by far more > > interesting. > > > > Just evaluate AGAIN the integral > > > > In[10]:= > > res2=int//ReleaseHold > > > > Infinity::indet: Indeterminate expression 0*Infinity encountered. > > Out[10]= > > (Gamma[-(1/2) + m]*(2*HarmonicNumber[1/2 - m] - HarmonicNumber[-(3/2) > > + m] - Log[4] - 2*(EulerGamma + PolyGamma[0, m]) + 2*Pi*Tan[m*Pi]))/ > > (4*Sqrt[Pi]*Gamma[m]) > > > > Integrate returns a different output for the same definite > > integration! > > The result is of course correct. > > [...] > > but I wonder how is this possible this! > > > > Note that > > > > In[15]:= > > FullSimplify[res1] > > Simplify[res2 == %] > > [...] > > whereas for example > > > > In[17]:= > > FunctionExpand[res1] > > [...] > > It seams that the second time Integrate called FullSimplify! > > > > But I think Integrate uses Simplify and not FullSimplify. > > > > Any insight, explanations available? > > > > Dimitris > > The difference in result is a subtle interaction between use of caching > for certain intermediate results, and use of time constraints in some > places (nobably simplifications). In effect a simplification attempt > might time out the first attempt but succeed in later tries due to > having more intermediate computations precomputed and cached. > > Integrate does make (very limited) use of FullSimplify. > > Why is this integral important? > > Daniel Lichtblau > Wolfram Research
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- strange behavior of Integrate
- From: dimitris <dimmechan@yahoo.com>
- strange behavior of Integrate